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Analysis of selected gene variants in athletes - runners at 400 m
Šplíchalová, Dominika ; Petr, Miroslav (advisor) ; Šteffl, Michal (referee)
Title: Analysis of selected gene variants in athletes - runners at 400 m Objectives: This work aims to find out what the genetic profile of athletes - runners at 400 meters, who are working in lactate mode, looks like. Methods: A cross-sectional investigation involved 203 East European Caucasian males and was conducted collaboratively at the FTVS UK and Józef Piłsudski University of Physical Education in Warsaw (AWF Warsaw). The athletes, after a brief warm- up, participated in a single 30-second Wingate test. DNA samples were collected non-invasively through saliva swabs. Lactate levels were measured using an invasive approach. Results: In the polymorphisms rs4646994 gene ACE was found to have a significant difference in genotypic (p = 0.001, x2 = 14.90) and allelic (p = 0.004, x2 = 8.52) frequencies between the overall athlete group and the controls. A notable difference in the ACE gene showed the comparison of the genotypes (p = 0.001, x2 = 13.66) and between the alleles (p = 0.003, x2 = 8.89) between the control group and elite athletes. The last statistically significant difference was observed among the genotypes (p = 0.03, x2 = 6.79) between the sub-elite athletes and the control group. When assessing the genotypic and allelic frequencies for the polymorphisms rs1815739 in the ACTN3 gene, we...
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The effect of the menstrual cycle on performance in sports
Baumová, Nikola ; Šteffl, Michal (advisor) ; Soukupová, Vendula (referee)
Title: The effect of the menstrual cycle on performance in sports Objective: The aim of this study is to investigate the effect of the menstrual cycle on performance in sport using the results obtained from previous studies dealing with the effect of the menstrual cycle on performance in sport. Methods: This thesis was carried out as a systematic review. Sources of information were scientific articles and studies from the PubMed, Scopus, EBSCOhost and EBSCOhost databases and literature related to the influence of the menstrual cycle on sports performance. Results: A total of 45 studies were selected for this study (9 cross-sectional, 33 cohort and 3 intervention studies). A total of 3086 probands (2364 from cross-sectional, 644 from cohort and 78 from intervention studies) aged 18 to 35 years were included. Conclusion: In most cases, no effect of MC on sports performance was found. If any effect was observed, the worst phase of MC for performance appeared to be the mid-luteal phase, while the best was the follicular phase. Keywords: menstrual cycle, menstrual phase, follicular phase, luteal phase, strength, power, force, muscular performance, aerobic, aerobic power, aerobic capacity, endurance, endurance power, endurance capacity, anaerobic, anaerobic power, anaerobic capacity, athletic...
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Nutritional indicators of performance triathletes
Skuhrová, Tereza ; Vilikus, Zdeněk (advisor) ; Matoulek, Martin (referee)
This bachelor thesis is aimed to find out nutrition indicators of performance triathletes and to compare them with non-sportsmen. The next aim is to point out the importace of proper balanced diet in endurance sport and to evaluate the usage of food supplements. This thesis is divided into two parts, a theoretical part and a practical one. Main individual nutrients are described in the theoretical part in connection with energy metabolism and with emphasis on influence of nutrition in triathlon. The practical part summarizes results obtained from an analysis of a four-day nutritional intake of 8 performance triathletes and 8 non-sportsmen. A range of the respondents' age was between 26 and 37 years. The results point out that both groups have higher energy intake than recommended rate. Both groups' intakes of proteins and fats of animal origin are approximately twice higher than recommended as well as their results of micronutrient intake are not balanced. Furthermore, a brief questionnaire shows that 50 % of respondents were not satisfied how they can gain information about nutrition, at the same time 54 % use the internet as a main source of information and only 13 % read a scientific literature. Key words: triathlon, sports nutrition, endurance performance, food supplements, drinking regime
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The effect of MCT on endurance performance
Holá, Kateřina ; Vilikus, Zdeněk (advisor) ; Brandejský, Petr (referee)
MCT oils are triglycerides whose fatty acids have an aliphatic tail of 6-12 carbon atoms. Within the gastrointestinal tract, MCT are digested to their respective fatty acids (MCFAs) and rapidly absorbed and transported into the portal vein which then takes them straight to the liver, therefore MCTs are not stored in fat deposits in the body as much as LCTs. In addition, MCTs can pass through the mitochondrial membrane of the liver and muscle not depending on the carnitine transporter, what makes them a very readily available source of energy. Endurance athletes try to maximize their ability to mantain glycogen stores during exercise, so that using these supplements as a quick source of energy should lead to improved endurance performance. The aim of the work is to provide a more objective view of the prevailing trends and different conclusions of particular scientific studies and to clarify the impact of MCT on sport endurance performance. The work includes meta-analysis based on data collection method from previously published scientific studies following the use of MCTs in relation to sport endurance performance. Medical database PubMed and multidisciplinary databases EBSCO and Google Scholar were used to search for these studies. The meta-analysis does not show any specific effect of MCTs...
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Nutritional indicators of performance triathletes
Skuhrová, Tereza ; Vilikus, Zdeněk (advisor) ; Matoulek, Martin (referee)
This bachelor thesis is aimed to find out nutrition indicators of performance triathletes and to compare them with non-sportsmen. The next aim is to point out the importace of proper balanced diet in endurance sport and to evaluate the usage of food supplements. This thesis is divided into two parts, a theoretical part and a practical one. Main individual nutrients are described in the theoretical part in connection with energy metabolism and with emphasis on influence of nutrition in triathlon. The practical part summarizes results obtained from an analysis of a four-day nutritional intake of 8 performance triathletes and 8 non-sportsmen. A range of the respondents' age was between 26 and 37 years. The results point out that both groups have higher energy intake than recommended rate. Both groups' intakes of proteins and fats of animal origin are approximately twice higher than recommended as well as their results of micronutrient intake are not balanced. Furthermore, a brief questionnaire shows that 50 % of respondents were not satisfied how they can gain information about nutrition, at the same time 54 % use the internet as a main source of information and only 13 % read a scientific literature. Key words: triathlon, sports nutrition, endurance performance, food supplements, drinking regime
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